PowerPoint Presentation. Lecture 12: DRAM Basics. • Today: DRAM terminology and basics, energy innovations. DRAM Main Memory. Main memory is stored in DRAM cells that have much higher storage …
PowerPoint Presentation. Lecture 12: DRAM Basics. • Today: DRAM terminology and basics, energy innovations. DRAM Main Memory. Main memory is stored in DRAM cells that have much higher storage density. DRAM cells lose their state over time – must be refreshed periodically, hence the name Dynamic.
DIMM, rank, bank, array form a hierarchy in the storage organization Because of electrical constraints, only a few DIMMs can be attached to a bus Ranks help increase … See more
Latency and power can be both improved by employing smaller arrays; incurs a penalty in density and cost Latency and power can be both improved by increasing the row buffer hit … See more
An Introduction to DRAM Dynamic random access memory (DRAM) integrated circuits (ICs) have existed for more than twenty-five years. DRAMs evolved from the earliest 1-kilobit (Kb) …
DRAM TUTORIAL ISCA 2002 Bruce Jacob David Wang University of Maryland first off -- what is DRAM? an array of storage elements (capacitor-transistor pairs) “DRAM” is an acronym …
Die-stacked DRAM: Top layers store data. Bottom logic layer stores the various control, access, and interface circuits. Magic: Stacked means high density, so high b/w interposer integration …
DRAM versus SRAM • Random access: each location in memory has a unique address. The time to access a given location is independent of the sequence of prior accesses and is constant. …
The First Commercial Product of Embedded DRAM. M32R/D(Mitsubishi)・0.45μm DRAM. ・32-bit RISC CPU + 16Mbit DRAM・Die Size: 153.7mm. 0.25um Embedded DRAM Products.
DRAM is the hardware in a computer that temporarily stores the operating system (OS), application programs, and working data currently in use. It is also known as “main” or “short …
• DRAM used to be the main driver for process scaling, now it’s flash. • Power is now a major concern. • Scaling is expected to match CMOS tech scaling • F2 cell size will probably not …
Introduction • Memory subsystem is a bottleneck • Memory stall time will become dominant • New architectures & accessing techniques proposed to combat these issues
PCM-based Main Memory. How should PCM-based (main) memory be organized? Pure PCM main memory [Lee et al., ISCA’09, Top Picks’10]: How to redesign entire hierarchy (and cores) …