Logic gates are the fundamental components of all digital circuits and systems. They are electronic circuits designed to perform logical operations on one or more binary inputs to produce a single binary output. Logic gates use Boolean algebra to execute logical processes and are found in nearly every digital gadget we use, such as computers, smartphones, and memory devices¹².

Types of Logic Gates

Basic Logic Gates

1. AND Gate: Performs logical multiplication. The output is high (1) only when all inputs are high (1). A B | A AND B 0 0 | 0 0 1 | 0 1 0 | 0 1 1 | 1

2. OR Gate: Performs logical addition. The output is high (1) if at least one input is high (1). A B | A OR B 0 0 | 0 0 1 | 1 1 0 | 1 1 1 | 1

3. NOT Gate: Inverts the input. The output is the complement of the input. A | NOT A 0 | 1 1 | 0

Universal Logic Gates