Additionally, AVFs with a vein diameter below 2.15 mm and artery diameter below 2.95 mm have been observed to have lower patency (Martinez-Mier et al., 2023). Ultrasound mapping is a method being ...

Intravenous (IV) sedation is a type of anesthesia given through a tube placed in a vein. It helps you relax, prevents you from feeling pain, and is mainly used for minor medical procedures that don't ...

In chronic venous insufficiency, veins of the lower limbs are unable to transport blood towards the heart. It might be caused by genetic factors, may occur after trauma, or may result from a blood ...