Back in 2011, Elektor presented a DIY Ultrasonic Directive Speaker using an array of piezo ultrasonic transducers (up to 200) ...
For not using a scope, this method is pretty accurate, and only uses two discrete circuit components (the resistor and the speaker). If you’re ever in a pinch with PWM, this is sure to help ...
In the last installment of Circuit VR, we walked around a simplified buck converter. The main simplification was using a constant PWM signal. The result is that the output voltage is a fixed ...