The need for secret communications arose very early in civilization. It progressed due to the “intellectual arms race” between codemakers and codebreakers, both being linguistic alchemists capable of ...

Notes The key matrix should be invertible modulo 26 for decryption. The script currently only supports encryption. Ensure that the key matrix is square (n × n). Monoalphabetic-Cipher A simple and user ...

Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech There is a perception that NASA’s Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission is being delayed by indecision, but the real delay has been multiple decades of seeking a heritage ...

This article picked by a teacher with suggested questions is part of the Financial Times free schools access programme. Details/registration here. Read below a selection of FT articles picked by ...

The goal of this assignment was divided into two parts: first, to decipher a monoalphabetic substitution cipher using cryptanalysis, and second, to create two functions to encrypt and decrypt a given ...

Moreover, should you be worried about potential hacks or data leaks, even with the encryption WhatsApp claims ... Facebook and Instagram profiles. For example, Meta can use phone numbers to ...

CBSE Class 12th Sample Papers 2025: The Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) has made available all subject sample papers officially along with solutions for academic year 2024-25 ...

Given this scenario, if one is to address the issue of ‘weak ciphers’ some very basic questions need to be answered. For example: A weak cipher is defined as an encryption/decryption algorithm that ...