All of these effects depend on the puzzle-like system that is molecular biology. The structure of a neurotransmitter such as dopamine determines which part of the cells it can fit into and what effect ...

Photosystem II (PSII) is the only biological machine capable of splitting water into oxygen using sunlight. It plays a ...

Low-light image enhancement methods based on classic Retinex model attempt to manipulate the estimated illumination and to project it back to the corresponding reflectance. However, the model does not ...

Atomic chlorine (Cl) is a strong atmospheric oxidant that shortens the lifetimes of pollutants and methane in the springtime Arctic, where the molecular halogens Cl2 and BrCl are known Cl precursors.