Human atherosclerotic plaques comprise inflammatory cells (macrophages and T lymphocytes), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and intracellular and extracellular lipids. Plaque disruption results ...

Since 1980, the American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) have translated scientific evidence into clinical practice guidelines (guidelines) with recommendations to ...

Effective myocardial function depends primarily on oxidative energy production. In humans, at a heart rate of 60 to 70 beats per minute, the oxygen consumption normalized per gram of myocardium is ...

Background—Estimates of the heritability of plasma fibrinogen concentration, an established predictor of cardiovascular disease, range from 34% to 50%. Genetic variants so far identified by ...

Background— Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) inhibitors raise high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, but torcetrapib, the first-in-class inhibitor tested in a large outcome trial, caused ...

The idea that hypoxia alone can cause pulmonary hypertension and significant structural remodeling of pulmonary arteries (PAs) in humans is supported by observations that in persons living at high ...

Background CVD remains the leading cause of death in the United States. 4 Atherosclerosis and other coronary artery pathology, termed for the purposes of this statement as arteriosclerosis, can begin ...

Recent experimental findings appear inconsistent with predictions of the multiple-wavelet hypothesis. High-resolution optical mapping of AF has provided evidence that AF is not random and that a ...

Abstract Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia encountered in humans and is a significant source of morbidity and mortality. Despite its prevalence, our mechanistic ...

Genome-wide linkage analyses for familial IA have been reported by 2 groups. 3,4 Onda et al 3 suggested linkage to regions on chromosomes 5q22–31 (maximum LOD score [MLS] 2.24), 7q11 (MLS 3.22), and ...

Methods and Results— We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of ascorbic acid in 231 patients with a serum creatinine concentration ≥1.2 mg/dL who underwent coronary ...

Abstract Analysis of cardiovascular status in adult relatives of 116 kindred affected with familial hyperbetalipoproteinemia (type II hyperlipoproteinemia) was carried out to assess coronary artery ...