RA, for example, is characterized by an exaggerated Th1 self-reactive immunity; SLE by an excessive Th2 response. [23] Estrogens are known to drive physiological selection of Th1 or Th2 pathways.

The field of immunometabolism has attracted significant interest in recent years. This is driven by the recognition that cellular metabolism is a fundamental regulator of immune cell activation, ...

Immunology is the branch of biomedical sciences concerned with all aspects of the immune system in all multicellular organisms. Consumption of a high-fat diet leads to the progressive growth of ...

2 Key Laboratory of Immune Response and Immunotherapy, Shanghai Institute of Immunity and Infection, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China 3 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ...

As noted above, stellate cell activation is the central event in hepatic fibrosis. Activation consists of 2 major phases: (1) initiation (also called apreinflammatory stage) and (2) perpetuation ...

Tumour immunology describes the interaction between cells of the immune system with tumour cells. Understanding these interactions is important for the development of new therapies for cancer ...