There was no venous pulsation in the neck, indicating the likely occlusion of the jugular veins. These signs were consistent with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Precordial examination was ...

Ligation of the access vein can cause a central extension of the thrombus from the cephalic vein to deeper large veins. [9] Endothelial disruption caused by repeated trauma from the leads is ...