Patients with first-degree atrioventricular block, sinus node dysfunction ... The risk is increased in patients with risk ...

Nephrology is specialty of medicine concerned with kidney physiology, kidney disease, the treatment of kidney problems and renal replacement therapy. Systemic conditions that affect the kidneys (e ...

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is defined as a progressive loss of renal function that lasts for more than 3 months, and is classified according to the degree of kidney damage – measured by the le ...

In addition to the physiological considerations and the evidence on survival (extending even to severe patients), the rationale for switching may be based on additional considerations that ...