Following defeat in World War I, it was formally abolished in 1922. More than a dozen independent countries emerged from territories the Ottoman sultans once ruled.

This practice was adopted by numerous other Ottoman sultans down the line when they ... In response, Selim made a list of all Shi’ite Muslims from age 7 to 70 within the Ottoman Empire.

There are plenty of palaces and pavilions dotted along the Bosphorus Strait that are open for visitors to explore—from the sprawling former residences of Ottoman Sultans to the last home of ...