Introduction Patients with difficult venous access experience undesirable effects during healthcare, such as delayed diagnosis and initiation of treatment, stress and pain related to the technique and ...

Abstract The mastoid emissary vein connects the posterior auricular vein to the sigmoid sinus and varies in size, number, location, and course, resulting in clinical complications. This study was ...

Alternating blunt and sharp dissection was used to expose the left external jugular vein. The vein was cannulated by direct venous puncture using an 18G needle, and an 0.035″ Amplatz wire was then ...

Purpose Retinal vein occlusions (RVO) are a major cause of vision loss in people aged 50 years and older. Current therapeutic options limit the consequences of RVO but do not eliminate the cause.

Background: Central venous access for cancer chemotherapy is crucial for patients undergoing long-term treatment. The internal jugular vein (IJV) and subclavian vein (SCV) are commonly used for ...