The proton gradients that power respiration are ... been tapped by the earliest cells, which certainly lacked such sophisticated protein machinery as the ATP synthase. There are a few possible ...

Anaerobic respiration happens in muscles during hard exercise. \(\text{glucose} \rightarrow \text{lactic acid + energy in the form of ATP}\) Glucose close glucoseA simple sugar used by cells for ...

Cells respire, or breathe, oxygen or alternatives to oxygen through aerobic and anaerobic respiration, respectively. However, they are not known to do both at the same time. At least, that was the ...