These signs were consistent with superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome. Precordial examination was notable for a healing left pectoral scar and an intact implanted pacemaker. Heart sounds were normal ...
Elective computed tomography in an 85-year-old man (Figure a; mixed arterial/venous contrast phase) revealed an absent right superior vena cava (SVC; asterisk) and an isolated persistent left SVC ...
The differential diagnoses of SVC syndrome include cardiac tamponade and right ventricular dysfunction. Dedicated cardiac imaging with echocardiography can distinguish between these diagnoses.