There was no venous pulsation in the neck, indicating the likely occlusion of the jugular veins. These signs were consistent with superior vena cava (SVC ... The patient's symptoms and swelling ...

It is the lower, or inferior, part of the vena cava—a large vein also made up of the superior vena cava that ... Often a person won’t have any symptoms to signal a defect in the IVC.

[11] This incorporation can lead to vessel wall inflammation, fibrosis, thrombus formation and ultimately to venous stenosis and occlusion. [12] Previous lead infection predisposes to SVC ...