SVC syndrome is caused by the invasion or extrinsic compression of the vena cava by adjacent pathologic processes, especially by the mass in the middle or anterior mediastinum, usually consisting ...

Common malignancies associated with SVC syndrome include lung cancer, lymphoma and solid tumors with mediastinal metastases (e.g. breast cancer).

Nonmalignant causes of SVCS include mediastinal fibrosis, aortic aneurysm, vasculitis, infections, benign mediastinal tumors, and thrombosis related to the presence of central vein catheters.

These lesions, particularly when located in the anterior mediastinum, can lead to critical complications such as airway obstruction, superior vena cava syndrome, and cardiovascular compromise.

Fluoroscopy of the chest revealed a mass in the left upper mediastinal region. One month later, after radiation treatment totaling 1200 r, a roentgenogram showed decrease in size of the mass.

Superior vena cava syndrome in children is a medical emergency because the child's windpipe can become blocked. It may be diagnosed and treated before a definite diagnosis of cancer is made.