Juvenile chronic arthritis occurs when the patient's immune cells, the lymphocytes or T-cells, start to attack the joint cartilage and bone. What triggers the disease is not known, and there is as ...

As the temperature drops, extracellular water begins to freeze, leaving behind a slush of concentrated solutes. In an attempt to dilute those solutes, water rushes out of the cell (3), causing ...

Healthcare providers use cryogen, a frozen liquid, to freeze abnormal tissues and cause their cells to die. There are several types of cryogens, the most common of which is liquid nitrogen.