in the older shielded metal arc welding process (SMAW), the electrode is coated with a solid flux which evolves a protective cloud of carbon dioxide when melted by the arc. In GMAW, however, the ...

Between 1889 and 1908 the N. G. Slavinoff system of arc welding, where the carbon electrode was replaced with a bare metal electrode was developed. American patents on this metal arc process were ...