Trenton is a city in Clinton County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,690 at the 2020 census. Trenton is located at 38°36′21″N 89°4…Trenton is a city in Clinton County, Illinois, United States. The population was 2,690 at the 2020 census. Trenton is located at 38°36′21″N 89°40′54″W / 38.60583°N 89.68167°W. According to the 2021 census gazetteer files, Trenton has a total area of 1.88 square miles, all land.